In today's article, we review the different types of electric and hybrid vehicles that dominate the electromobility market today, and the type of maintenance that each of them requires.
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) represent a significant evolution in sustainable mobility by relying exclusively on rechargeable batteries for their operation. To maintain the efficiency and durability of BEVs, it is imperative to implement a rigorous battery-centric maintenance plan.
These vehicles demand specialized maintenance, often involving the use of 1000V insulated hand tools, as well as protective equipment against the risk of electric shock.
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Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) are pioneers in exploring alternatives to conventional batteries by using fuel cells that convert hydrogen into electricity.
The maintenance of FCEV vehicles can be divided into two parts: the fuel cell and the electrical system.
The first is to periodically check the condition of the electrodes, membranes and catalysts that make up the battery, as well as the level and quality of the hydrogen stored in the tanks. The second is to check the condition of the battery, motor, inverter and cables that make up the electrical system.
Conventional Hybrids (HEV)
Conventional Hybrids (HEVs) represent a smooth transition to electric mobility by combining an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. This combination offers greater fuel efficiency and thus reduces emissions.
Regular inspections of both systems, the internal combustion engine and the electric motor, are critical. In addition, it is recommended to pay attention to electrical and electronic components, ensuring their proper functioning. Oil changes and standard internal combustion engine maintenance are also part of regular HEV care.
Plug-in Hybrids (PHEVs)
Plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) take versatility a step further by allowing electric driving and the option to charge the battery by plugging it in. This flexibility requires a specific maintenance approach to ensure optimal performance in both modes of driving.
By having plug-in charging systems, they may need maintenance on the electrical connectors and cables. Diagnostic tools are essential for inspecting and maintaining these components. In addition, when monitoring charging times and battery efficiency, specialized tools may be required to assess the integrity of the electrical system.
Mild Hybrids (MHEV)
Mild Hybrids incorporate a less intensive form of electrification, providing electric assistance to the internal combustion engine. Although they can't run exclusively on electricity, these models offer significant improvements in fuel efficiency. Maintenance of Mild Hybrids involves special attention to the starter/generator that provides electric assistance.
This component should be inspected regularly to ensure its functionality and efficiency. In addition, inspections of the vehicle's overall electrical and electronic system are important to maintain the efficient balance between the internal combustion engine and electric assistance.
The diversification of these vehicles has not only impacted energy efficiency, but has also provided consumers with more sustainable options. The key to optimal performance lies in proper and specific maintenance for each type of vehicle, thus contributing to the extension of its service life and long-term sustainability.